Dans l'étude du système de Boussinesq, nous allons revisiter les résultats obtenus par M. E. Schonbek concernant le problème d'existence de solutions faibles entropiques globales pour le système de Boussinesq, ainsi que l’existence et l’unicité de solution régulière globale par C. J. Amick. Il s’agit de rétablir ces résultats dans un cadre fonctionnel plus actuel et en utilisant une ``régularisation par un opérateur fractal”. Nous allons étudier le problème de Boussinesq régularisé et nous montrerons qu’on peut passer à la limite sur la solution de ce problème pour retrouver celle du système de Boussinesq. La méthode utilisée nous permet d’améliorer l’indice de régularité Sobolev pour le problème d’existence ainsi que l’obtention de la continuité des flots associés aux différents problèmes de Cauchy sous la condition du “non-zero-depth”. En même temps, on essayera d’indiquer quelques résultats en cours concernant le cas de fond non plat modilisé par le système de Boussinesq-Peregrine. Ce travail est effectué en collaboration avec L. Molinet et I. Zaïter.
Gradient estimates for solutions to parabolic backward equations based on the Laplace operator are well understood. The Laplace operator naturally extends to non-local operators, where a large class of those non-local operators has an intrinsic connection to Lévy processes. The solutions to the corresponding non-local parabolic backward equations are of interest in applications, where the difference to the classical case is that the gradients of the solutions are infinite-dimensional in general. We investigate the singularity properties of those gradients and indicate an application of the obtained estimates.
In this talk we focus on a class of singular perturbation problems arising in the study of the dynamics of geophysical flows. Given a so-called ``primitive'' system of equations, the goal is to derive reduced models, under suitable assumptions on the fluid and on the scaling regime. The presence of a Coriolis term. encoding the Earth rotation, in the primitive system is the key element of the problems under consideration. We will discuss several aspects which enter into play in this context: the difference between the compressible and incompressible fluid cases, the presence of multiple scales, the formation of the Ekman boundary layers.
We propose a new system of equations modeling Tsunamis in this work. It is a coupled system accounting for both water compressibility and viscoelasticity of the earth. Adding these latter physical effects is responsible for the closest-to-reality time arrival predictions (among existing models), capturing the negative peak before the main wave hump, and exhibiting the negative dispersion phenomena. This comes in remarkable agreement with previous experiments and studies on the topic. The system is also delivered in a relatively simple mathematical structure of equations that is easy to solve numerically.
This talk shall focus on the presentation of a (by now) well studied research topic in the field of stochastic control theory, i.e the case of optimal switching control problems. A main objective of this talk is to provide the connection with system of semilinear PDEs with obstacles which, in addition, are inter- connected. This last feature (among some others) explains why the solution is not smooth (in general). For this reason we study existence and uniqueness of solutions of these PDEs in viscosity sense. In a first part, we shall explain the relationship between the value functional associated with a stochastic control problem and the solution of an explicit semi- linear PDE. For this, we need to introduce both the stochastic framework and some advanced probabilistic tools & technics. Next and after this introductory part, we shall give the precise structure of the system of PDEs we are interested in and provide some theoretical results. If time allows, the last slides present the main steps of one of our main results. This talk is based on several joint works (with Pr. S. Hamadène (LMM), Pr. B Djehiche (KTH Stockholm) and X. Zhao former pHD student at the LMM).
Solving boundary value problems requires implementation of sufficiently robust constitutive models. Most models try to incorporate a great deal of phenomenological ingredients, but this refining often leads to overcomplicated mathematical formulations, requiring a large number of parameters to be identified. On the other hand, geomaterials are known to have an internal microstructure, made up of an assembly of interacting particles. Most of the macroscopic properties, observed on a specimen scale or even on larger scales, mainly result from the microstructural arrangement of grains. Thus, a powerful alternative can be found with micromechanical models, where the medium is described as a distribution of elementary sets of grains. The inherent complexity is not related to the local constitutive description between particles in contact, but to the basic topological complexity taking place within the assembly. This presentation discusses this issue, highlighting very recent results obtained from discrete element simulations. In particular, the so-called critical state regime that develops during localized or diffuse failure is discussed in detail from the perspective of emerging processes taking place within complex media.
A prototypical model for an age-structured diffusive population is considered in which individuals are distinguished by age and spatial position. The evolution equation involves a diffusion term for the space variable and a transport term for the age variable supplemented with a nonlocal boundary condition. The linear version of the model gives rise to a strongly continuous semigroup which exhibits the parabolic regularizing effects in the space variable. We determine its asymptotic behavior based on spectral properties of the associated generator. For a nonlinear version of the model we investigate the existence of nontrivial steady states and establish a principle of linearized stability.
11h Jacques Blum (Univ Côte d’Azur) : exposé de Mathematiques pour grand public (Amphi Nivolet) 14h Michel Pierre (ENS Rennes) (salle TLR) 15h Laurent Véron (Univ Tours) (salle TLR)
Environmental changes threaten many species and ecosystems. To assess their impacts, we use a mathematical approach based on reaction dispersion models. I will investigate evolutionary adaptation of population structured by a phenotypic trait under a changing environment. I will derive PDE model from stochastic model and using Hamilton-Jacobi approach and large deviation technics, I will present some approximations of these models. Then I will present a new approach to track ancestral lineages in quantitative genetic model.
This work deals with the interaction of waves with a floating structure immersed in a 2D fluid in coastal area. The horizontal plane is decomposed into two regions: the exterior region where the surface of the fluid is in contact with the air, and the interior region where it is in contact with the bottom of the object. In the exterior region, we have the standard equations, where the surface is free but the pressure is constrained (equal to the atmospheric pressure). In the interior region, this is the reverse: the pressure is free but the surface is constrained, which changes the structure of the equations. Finally, coupling conditions between both regions are needed. We show how to implement this program in the case where the waves are described by the nonlinear dispersive Boussinesq equations. We also show a numerical method that exploits the added-mass effect and the dispersive boundary layer.
Dans cet exposé, nous aborderons la problématique de l’observabilité de systèmes d'EDPs linéaires, notamment des systèmes hyperboliques du premier ordre. Nous examinerons en particulier le coût de la détection de paquets d’ondes hautes fréquences. Il s’agit d’un travail en collaboration avec Roberta Bianchini et Vincent Laheurte.
On considère un écoulement de fluide incompressible visqueux dans une boite B (dans R^n) autour d'un obstacle K (dans B), avec au bord de K une condition de Navier, et on s’intéresse à la minimisation de la traînée parmi tous les obstacles K de mesure fixée. Je présenterai des résultats théoriques d'existence en toute dimension et de régularité en dimension 2 de tels minimiseurs.
We consider the minimization/maximization problem of the product Tp(Ω)λp(Ω), where Ω varies among different classes of admissible sets. Here Tp and λp denote respectively the p-torsional rigidity and the p-principal frequency associated to the p-Laplace operator. We present some new results in the case p≠2 and we list some interesting open problems.
Les problèmes de criticité de réacteurs nucléaires sont un excellent exemple de couplage de modèles physiques. L’équation de diffusion des neutrons dépend de l’enthalpie du fluide par l’intermédiaire de ses coefficients, et le système des équations de l’hydrodynamique permet de calculer l’enthalpie du fluide en fonction du terme source généré par la répartition des neutrons. Traditionnellement, la résolution de ces problèmes se fait en couplant deux codes numériques sur chacun des deux modèles, avec l’apparition de problèmes d’instabilités numériques. Nous proposons d’étudier, dans un cadre simplifié (approximation Bas Mach et système en dimension 1 d’espace) le système couplé. Nous montrons que ce système (dont l'inconnue est le triplet ($phi$: densité de probabilité de neutrons, $h$ enthalpie, $k$ facteur multiplicatif)) admet, sous des hypothèses raisonnables, une unique solution. Nous avons d'une part utilisé ce résultat pour effectuer le traitement des incertitudes sur les coefficients dans l'équation de neutronique. Plus surprenant, le type de représentation utilisée à partir de ces coefficients fait varier de manière très importante le facteur multiplicatif, et le couplage des codes est beaucoup plus difficile que l'étude directe du modèle couplé.